Focal things and practices according to Borgmann

Borgmann agrees with Heidegger that modern technology has harmful effects on humanity. He proposes a reform to limit the ways of technology from dominating people’s lives and keep technology in the background. His reform of modern technology is to restore the use of focal things and practices. He argues that the use of focal things provide engagement in the world in a meaningful context. Focal things direct people’s lives in a productive way, and acknowledges the world and highlights the context of themselves and their related life activities. The simple kinds of things are those that focus on gathering information about the world and benefit humanity by highlighting important concerns of life. Consequently, focal things lead to focal practices. Focal practices challenge the human capacities for intellect, will, and effort. Focal practices promote engagement with the earth, society, and one’s self. According to Borgmann, these engaging practices are not related to modern technology, and they are required to challenge the harmful pattern of living technologically.